我国农村土地规模化经营类型和趋势

面对目前我国农村地区土地规模化飞速蓬勃发展的局面，针对我国广大农村地区土地规模化经营的主要类型和发展趋势开展研究，分析我国土地规模化发展的进程和政策，认为1995—2008年是稳步发展阶段，2008—2014年是快速发展阶段，2014年至今是飞速发展阶段。研究了入股、流转和托管这3种主要的土地规模化发展类型的不同内涵和特点，发现土地经营的规模要适度，不宜无限扩大，认为入股类型土地规模一般不宜超过133.3 hm2（约2 000亩），流转类型土地规模一般不宜超过666.7 hm2（约1万亩），托管类型土地规模一般不宜超过6 666.7 hm2（约10万亩）。目前我国不同地区之间发展不平衡，研究发现全程托管将是未来发展的主要趋势，同时土地流转和土地托管在相当长一段时间内将共存。      

次生落叶阔叶林林隙的紫椴造林试验

在吉林省中东部典型次生落叶阔叶林中,随机选取15个面积大小不等的林隙,以紫椴1年生实生苗为材料,在各林隙中开展了紫椴造林试验.通过各栽植点位光照强度的测定和聚类分析,以及对紫椴成活率、高径生长状况、生物量的测定,对比分析林隙环境对紫椴定植、生长的影响.结果表明:所选林隙均为小林隙,其光照强度日均值不足空地的12％.各光照强度分区栽植苗木数量比例随林隙面积的增大未呈规律性变化.中光区、弱光区较利于紫椴苗木存活,个体死亡集中于8月;强光区成活率相对较小,且苗木成活率随时间缓慢降低.紫椴强光区的株高年生长量略高.各光照强度区的8月株高生长量均显著高于7、9月.中光区的地径年生长量显著高于强光区、弱光区.弱光区、强光区的地径月生长量初期增长快,中光区末期积累大.紫椴高径比随生长的推移而逐渐降低,在各分区间的差异不显著.整株、地上、各器官生物量均以中光区略高,但仅有叶生物量与弱光区差异显著.各分区的光照强度差异并未影响紫椴生物量分配比例.     

副猪嗜血杆菌单克隆抗体的制备及其B细胞抗原表位的鉴定

为筛选具有临床诊断价值的副猪嗜血杆菌(H.parasuis)单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究采用H.parasuis 5型强毒株(HPS-5)免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用常规细胞融合技术制备了一株稳定分泌MAb的杂交瘤细胞株。Western blot结果表明该MAb能够特异性识别所有H.parasuis标准菌株;免疫共沉淀技术与蛋白质谱分析显示该MAb所识别的蛋白为ATP结合盒转运蛋白(ABCT)家族的寡肽透过酶(OppA);利用MAb对噬菌体12肽库进行淘选,8个阳性噬菌体克隆展示有"KTPAE-R"保守序列,对应于H.parasuis SH29755株和SH0165株的469位~475位的氨基酸残基。对OppA氨基酸序列比对结果表明H.parasuis与其它10种猪常见细菌病病原序列一致性为9.1%~74.5%,本研究结果为进一步研究H.parasuis感染的病原学诊断建立了良好的基础。     

蔬菜地重金属污染土壤的修复技术

重金属污染是当今土壤污染中污染面积最广、危害最大的环境问题之一.从植物修复、农业栽培措施、以及植物-微生物修复体系的建立等方面探讨了蔬菜地重金属污染土壤的修复技术,并对重金属超量积累植物进行了较为详细的介绍.     

生物安全隔离区划在禽流感防控中的应用

简要回顾了生物安全隔离区划的应用进展,重点介绍了生物安全隔离区划在禽流感防控中常用的技术手段,以期对我国禽流感防控工作和无禽流感生物安全隔离区建设提供参考。     

德国畜禽产业发展及屠宰管理概述

德国畜牧业发达,在保障本国,甚至欧盟的畜禽产品供应上发挥了重要作用。本文介绍了德国畜禽产业发展的基本情况,总结了德国在畜禽屠宰管理方面的基本原则和成功做法,以期对我国畜禽产业发展和屠宰管理提供参考和借鉴。     

鸭坦布苏病毒E基因的分子特性分析

为给鸭坦布苏病毒（duck tembusu virus,DTMUV）囊膜糖蛋白选择良好的抗原域和宿主表达系统提供参考依据,本研究通过选取DTMUV QD株基因文库中的一个重组质粒并测序,结合NCBI的ORF Finder和BLAST工具发现一个全长为1488 bp完整开放阅读框架（Open Reading Frame,ORF）片段。将该ORF编码蛋白通过NCBI的BLASTP分析和DNAstar进化树分析,确定该蛋白与类黄病毒E基因编码的蛋白具有较高的相似性。随后应用生物信息学分析工具Conserved Domains确定保守结构域、运用SignalP4.1预测信号肽、TMHMM 2.0预测跨膜区。应用在线程序NetNGlyc1.0预测糖基化位点,NetPhos2.0预测磷酸化位点、ProtScale进行疏水性分析。最后运用在线EMBOSS和自动蛋白同源建模数据库进行3D结构预测以及密码子偏爱性分析。结果表明,E蛋白与其它黄病毒衣壳蛋白具有相似的功能,没有信号肽切割位点,在451-468和475-492aa区域含有跨膜区,为相对低表达基因,含有较多种类的稀有密码子,与人密码子使用频率较为接近。这为进一步研究DTMUV E基因的体外表达和宿主选择提供了分子生物学依据。     

Daily variation in body mass and thermoregulation in male Hwamei(Garrulax canorus) at different seasons

Background: Acclimatization to winter conditions is an essential prerequisite for survival of small passerines of the northern temperate zone. In the present study, we measured diurnal variations in body mass, body temperature and basal metabolic rate(BMR) for seasonally acclimatized Hwameis(Garrulax canorus).Methods: Body mass was determined with a Sartorius balance. Metabolic rates of Hwameis were measured with an open-circuit respirometry system.Results: Body masses varied with time of day and were higher in daytime for Hwameis in both summer and winter, and body masses in winter were higher compared to that in summer. Body temperatures of Hwameis were higher in daytime, and the summer acclimatized birds had significantly higher body temperatures compared to the winter acclimatized birds. BMRs of Hwameis were significantly higher during the daytime compared to the nighttime of the daily cycle in both summer and winter, and Hwameis in winter had significantly higher BMRs than that in summer.Conclusions: This result showed that Hwameis rely mostly on metabolic capacity to maintain their body temperature in cold weathers, and Hwameis exhibited daily and seasonal flexibility in morphology and physiology which is important under changing environmental conditions.     

Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration

The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome was studied in plasma after a single dose (10 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in freshwater at 30 °C. Ten fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. The data were fitted to two‐compartment open models following both routes of administration. The estimates of total body clearance (CL/F), volume of distribution (Vd/F), and absorption half‐life (T_1/2ka) were 0.049 and 0.037 L/h/kg, 0.41 and 0.33 L/kg, and 0.028 and 0.035 h following i.m. and i.p. administration, respectively. After i.m. injection, the elimination half‐life (T_1?2β) was calculated to be 5.81 h, the maximum plasma concentration (C_max) to be 49.40 μg/mL, the time to peak plasma cefquinome concentration (T_max) to be 0.14 h, and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) to be 204.6 μg h/mL. Following i.p. administration, the corresponding estimates were 6.05 h, 44.39 μg/mL, 0.17 h and 267.8 μg h/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefquinome, determined for 30 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from diseased tilapia, ranged from 0.015 to 0.12 μg/mL. Results from these studies support that 10 mg cefquinome/kg body weight daily could be expected to control tilapia bacterial pathogens inhibited in vitro by a minimal inhibitory concentration value of ≤2 μg/mL.